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Indawgyi Lake and its spreading wetlands are embedded in a basin surrounded by rolling hills which reach up to 1,180 metres. The mountains are covered in a mix of subtropical moist broadleaf forest at higher elevations with a canopy up to 40 metres.  At lower elevations semi-evergreen, dry deciduous, and bamboo forests dominate, containing valuable hardwood species such as teak.  

The diverse forests of Indawgyi are home and refuge for globally threatened primate and mammal species. The Eastern hoolock Gibbon only occurs in the northern Myanmar-China boarder region and is highly threatened by hunting, wildlife trade, habitat loss, and fragmentation. This primate is a forest canopy dweller ranging from lowlands evergreen forests up to temperate broadleaf forest, eating mainly fruits, leaves, and shoots. The endangered Shortridge Langur occurs in similar environments and is heavily hunted for food and medicine. The knowledge about the current status of this Leaf Monkey remains very limited and the only recent sightings are from Indawgyi’s forests. Many threatened mammals such as gaur, pangolins, or the Himalayan black bear still roam the forests of Indawgyi.